Core Matters: How Different Wheel Body Materials Impact Grinding

When using superabrasive grinding wheels in precision manufacturing, selecting the right abrasive, bond type, and wheel core material is critical for optimal grinding performance and wheel life. While abrasives and bond types often take center stage, the wheel core can be equally important. The core material is the foundation that provides structural support and stability. The right core material ensures high performance while preventing machine strain, excessive grinding wheel wear, and unnecessary cost. But how do you determine the best core material for your specific needs?

In Episode 10 of The Grinding Chronicles, CDT Engineering Manager Jeff Wirth breaks down the essential properties of core materials and how they influence grinding applications. Watch the video or read the article below to learn how to choose the best option for your application.

The Grinding Chronicles - Episode 10

Selecting the Right Core Material for Grinding Wheels

The core of a superabrasive grinding wheel does more than just hold the abrasive—it directly impacts machine efficiency, grinding precision, and tool longevity. Choosing the right core material not only optimizes performance but also helps prevent unnecessary damage to the wheel, machine, and workpiece while enhancing operator safety.

Common core materials for superabrasive grinding wheels include metals—such as steel, aluminum, and copper—as well as non-metals like ceramics and resin composites. Ceramic or vitrified cores are commonly found in conventional abrasive grinding wheels and are also used in some superabrasive grinding wheels. Resin composite cores may be made from materials like bakelite, abrasive composites, or carbon fiber. Each of these materials has unique properties that affect grinding performance, and understanding their characteristics helps manufacturers make more informed decisions.

Understanding Core Material Properties

Density – Defined as mass per unit volume, density directly affects the weight of a grinding wheel. Heavier cores put added stress on machines and spindle bearings, which is why large-diameter grinding wheels are often designed with lighter core materials like carbon fiber, bakelite, or ceramic. An overly heavy wheel can reduce machine longevity, increase energy consumption, and pose handling risks for operators, making weight an important consideration for both performance and safety.

Expansion – Core materials expand due to heat and mechanical forces, which can impact grinding accuracy. Minimizing expansion is crucial for applications with tight tolerances, as it helps prevent wheel distortion and ensures consistent precision. Expansion occurs in two forms:

• Mechanical Expansion: At high speeds, some core materials naturally expand due to centrifugal forces. Materials with high tensile strength resist this growth, maintaining stability and accuracy over time.

• Thermal Expansion: Heat generated during grinding can cause materials to expand, leading to dimensional changes and reduced precision. Materials with low thermal expansion coefficients are essential for consistently achieving tight tolerances.

For high-speed and high-precision grinding applications, grinding wheels with cores made from high-tensile steel, carbon fiber, or vitrified ceramic often perform better. These materials minimize mechanical and/or thermal expansion, ensuring consistent performance, reduced deformation, and greater accuracy under extreme conditions.

Thermal Conductivity – This property determines how well a core material dissipates heat. Efficient heat transfer prevents thermal damage (burning) to the workpiece, improves surface quality, and extends tool life. Metal materials like Copper and Aluminum with high thermal conductivity remove heat, leading to lower wear and improved performance in high heat applications such as fluting drills.

Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) – This measurement indicates a material’s ability to resist deformation under stress. A higher MOE means the material is stiffer and less likely to flex or deform. Steel has a very high MOE. This can be beneficial for applications with high grinding forces that require tight tolerances, as a flexible core can introduce inconsistencies in grinding performance.

Comparing Core Materials: Strengths and Weaknesses

Each core material offers specific advantages and drawbacks. Here’s how some of the most common materials compare:

• Steel is strong, durable, and resistant to mechanical expansion. However, its heavy weight can strain machinery.

• Aluminum is lighter and often more affordable than steel, with higher thermal conductivity and resistance to corrosion. However, it has significantly higher thermal expansion compared to steel and other materials.

• Copper offers excellent thermal conductivity and a high modulus of elasticity (MOE), but its weight and cost make it less suitable for large grinding wheels.

• Ceramic is lightweight, cost-effective, and resistant to expansion, but low thermal conductivity and high stiffness or brittleness can be a drawback.

• Resin composites, including bakelite, are affordable and lightweight. However, they lack stiffness and high thermal conductivity, making them more susceptible to expansion and heat buildup in high-force grinding applications.

• Carbon fiber is ideal for demanding applications due to its high stiffness and low weight. However, it tends to trap heat and is more expensive than other materials.

Choosing the Right Core Material for Your Application

Selecting the best core material depends on several factors, including the type of grinding being performed, the machine’s limitations, and cost considerations. For example:

• Flute grinding and medical drill bits operate at traditional speeds with lower grinding forces. This means that a wide variety of core materials can be used without significant performance issues. In these cases, ceramic cores are often recommended because they provide an excellent balance of cost and functionality.

• High-speed applications like camshaft grinding generate significant heat and grinding forces. This makes high-stiffness materials like carbon fiber or high-tensile steel essential to be able to perform effectively and safely.

• Hybrid or combination cores are an innovative solution for balancing weight, stiffness, and cost. This approach involves layering or combining different materials to optimize performance while keeping costs manageable. For instance, a steel core can be reinforced with carbon fiber to reduce weight without sacrificing strength. 

Practical Considerations in Core Material Selection

Beyond material properties, cost plays a major role in selecting the right core material for grinding wheels. While core materials like carbon fiber and vitrified ceramic are both resistant to mechanical and thermal expansion and lighter weight, they come at very different price points. Once all process requirements are met, cost is usually the deciding factor, as manufacturers balance performance needs with material costs to avoid unnecessary expenses.

Budget-Friendly Options – Ceramic and resin composites provide cost-effective solutions for applications with lower grinding forces and minimal heat generation. These materials perform well in traditional grinding operations without adding unnecessary expense. 

Mid-Range Solutions – Aluminum and standard steel cores offer a balance between affordability and durability. These materials are commonly used in medium-duty grinding applications where moderate strength and thermal properties are required, optimizing cost per part without sacrificing performance.

Premium Core Materials – High-tensile steel and carbon fiber provide top-tier performance, making them ideal for high-speed and high-force applications. While their higher price point increases the initial cost of the grinding wheel, their longevity and reliability often justify the investment by reducing long-term cost per part through extended tool life and efficiency gains.

When selecting a core material, it is essential to consider not just the upfront cost but also long-term savings from reduced machine wear, improved grinding efficiency, and longer tool life. CDT’s engineering team can help assess cost-effectiveness based on your specific grinding application, ensuring the best balance between performance and cost per part.

Optimize Your Grinding Wheel Performance with CDT

Choosing the right core material is critical for achieving consistent, high-performance grinding results. Whether you're working with grinding applications for heavy-duty industrial engine components or high-precision medical tool manufacturing, the engineering team at Continental Diamond Tool is ready to assist in customizing a grinding wheel with the materials that are best for your needs.

If you have questions about selecting the best core material for your specific application, CDT’s engineers are here to help. Reach out to TheGrindingChronicles@cdtusa.net for expert advice.

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An Essential Guide to Grinding Process Optimization for Boosting Performance in Precision Manufacturing

To stay competitive in precision manufacturing, grinding operations require continuous improvement in performance and efficiency. Understanding the factors that influence grinding, such as speeds, feeds, and material removal rates, can significantly impact your results. In this comprehensive guide from Continental Diamond Tool, Product Engineer Thi Dang and Engineering Consultant Jon VanSant share their expertise as they unpack the essential elements of grinding process optimization. Episode 8 of The Grinding Chronicles offers valuable insights into maximizing Q-prime, balancing G ratios, and selecting the right grinding wheel speeds. Whether you’re looking to refine your current operations or upgrade to the latest in bond technology, our engineering team’s breakdown outlines the key factors you need to consider to enhance your grinding processes. Watch the video or read on to discover practical tips and advanced strategies for getting the most out of your grinding tools.

The Grinding Chronicles - Episode 8

Unlocking the Secrets to Optimizing Your Grinding Process

In this article, you will learn the essentials for optimizing your grinding process, focusing on the metrics that matter most for achieving peak performance. From understanding the basics of speeds and feeds to exploring advanced bond technology, this guide provides actionable insights for any precision manufacturing operation. Whether you're new in the field or looking to enhance your current practices, this informative article from The Grinding Chronicles team offers valuable knowledge to help you get ahead in the industry.

Understanding the Basic METRICS in GRINDING

One of the first considerations when optimizing a grinding process is understanding the basics—speeds, feeds, and material removal rates. These elements are fundamental to the grinding process and play a crucial role in determining the efficiency and quality of the finished product.

Speeds and Feeds:

Speeds refer to the rotational speed of the grinding wheel, typically measured in surface feet per minute (SFM). Feeds, on the other hand, relate to the rate at which the workpiece is fed into the grinding wheel. Together, these parameters influence the rate of material removal, surface finish, and the overall efficiency of the grinding process.

It's essential to understand that faster isn't always better. While higher speeds can increase material removal rates, they can also lead to increased wheel wear and the potential for thermal damage to the workpiece. Therefore, finding the optimal balance between speed and feed is key to maintaining both efficiency and quality.

Material Removal Rate (Q-prime):

Q-prime, or material removal rate, is a critical measure of grinding performance. It is calculated by multiplying the depth of cut by the feed rate, resulting in the amount of material removed per unit time. Higher Q-prime values typically indicate shorter cycle times, which can significantly enhance productivity.

However, achieving high Q-prime values requires careful consideration of other factors, such as wheel wear and the quality of the finished surface. A high Q-prime might reduce cycle times, but if it leads to excessive wheel wear or poor surface quality, the overall efficiency of the process may suffer. Thus, optimizing Q-prime involves balancing it with other critical parameters, such as the G ratio.

The G Ratio:

The G ratio is another vital metric in grinding. It is defined as the volume of material removed from the workpiece divided by the volume of wheel wear. A high G ratio indicates efficient grinding, where more material is removed with less wheel wear. However, similar to Q-prime, achieving an optimal G ratio requires balancing various factors.

Maximizing Q-prime WHILE Balancing the G Ratio

Maximizing Q-prime while maintaining a high G ratio is the key to optimizing grinding processes. To achieve this balance, it’s important to consider the following:

1. Wheel Speed: Higher wheel speeds can lead to increased wheel wear due to elevated temperatures. Therefore, it’s crucial to find an optimal speed that maximizes material removal without excessively wearing the grinding wheel.

2. Coolant Delivery: Proper coolant delivery is essential in controlling the temperature during grinding. Efficient coolant systems help dissipate heat, reducing thermal damage to the workpiece and wear on the grinding wheel. This, in turn, helps maintain a high G ratio.

3. Machine Stiffness and Power: The stiffness of the grinding machine and the power of the spindle also play significant roles. Machines with low power or poor stiffness may limit the achievable Q-prime and G ratio, restricting the overall efficiency of the grinding process.

By carefully considering these factors, manufacturers can optimize their grinding operations to achieve both high Q-prime and G ratios, leading to improved productivity and efficiency.

The Evolution of Bond Technology

Bond technology plays a critical role in the performance of grinding wheels, particularly in their ability to achieve high Q-prime and G ratios. The history of bond technology in grinding wheels is a testament to the continuous advancements that have been made in this field.

A Look Back:

In the 1960s, phenolic resin bonds were the standard, offering Q-prime values of around three. By the 1970s, the introduction of polyimide bonds pushed Q-prime values to around five. The year 2000 marked another leap with hybrid bonds, which increased Q-prime to approximately seven.

Today, we are capable of removing material at rates between 10 and 15, thanks to the latest advancements in bond technology. This evolution highlights the importance of continuously upgrading to the latest bond technology to stay competitive in the market.

Introducing CDT's EVO Hybrid Bond:

Continental Diamond Tool has been at the forefront of these advancements with its EVO Hybrid Bond. Released earlier this year, the EVO Hybrid Bond represents a significant step forward in bond technology, offering the ability to achieve Q-prime values over 10 without compromising the G ratio.

The development of the EVO Hybrid Bond was driven by the need for a bond system that could grind aggressively while minimizing wear and maintaining excellent corner retention. This bond was also designed with thermal conductivity in mind, to transfer heat away from the part and prevent damage to the diamond, which is sensitive to high temperatures. Learn more about CDT’s EVO Hybrid Bond product here.

Practical Tips for Optimizing Your Grinding Process

Now that we’ve covered the theoretical aspects of grinding optimization, let’s look at some practical tips that can help you apply this knowledge to your operations:

1. Evaluate Your Current Operations: Start by assessing your current grinding processes. Measure your Q-prime and G ratio to establish a baseline. Identify areas where improvements can be made, whether in speed, feed rate, or wheel selection.

2. Invest in the Latest Technology: Consider upgrading to the latest bond technology, such as CDT’s EVO Hybrid Bond. Newer bonds can significantly improve your material removal rates and reduce wheel wear, leading to better overall efficiency.

3. Optimize Coolant Delivery: Ensure that your coolant system is operating efficiently. Proper coolant delivery is essential for controlling temperatures and reducing thermal damage, which can extend the life of your grinding wheels and improve the quality of your finished products.

4. Regularly Maintain Equipment: Regular maintenance of your grinding machines is crucial. Ensure that your machines are running at optimal stiffness and power to maximize performance and avoid limitations in Q-prime and G ratios.

5. Train Your Team: Make sure your team is trained on the latest grinding techniques and technologies. A well-informed team can make better decisions on the shop floor, leading to improved productivity and efficiency. At Continental Diamond Tool, our application engineers are here to help. We regularly connect with our customers to fine-tune their equipment and train their operators on the optimized speeds and feed rates to use with our grinding wheels.

Optimizing grinding processes is essential for staying competitive in precision manufacturing. By understanding and balancing key factors like Q-prime, G ratio, and wheel speed, manufacturers can significantly enhance their grinding operations. Continental Diamond Tool’s latest advancements, including the EVO Hybrid Bond, provide valuable tools for achieving these goals. Whether you’re looking to improve your current processes or invest in new technologies, the insights provided in this guide offer a clear path to optimizing your grinding operations. Implement these strategies to ensure your manufacturing processes are both efficient and effective, helping you to stay ahead in a demanding industry.

Metal Bond Grinding Tools: Strong and Resilient

At Continental Diamond Tool (CDT), we take pride in the excellence of our Metal Bond grinding wheels and tools, designed for unmatched strength and resilience. Our commitment to product quality and customer service sets us apart in the industry. 

In this video and article below, you’ll get an inside look at our process and team. Learn why CDT has been a leader in custom Metal Bond grinding tool manufacturing for more than half a century. See inside our metal bond department and discover these reliable superabrasive solutions for industrial grinding of difficult materials such as carbide, ceramics, and glass.

Precision and Innovation in Metal Bond Grinding Wheel Manufacturing

Dedication to quality is evident in every step of our manufacturing process at Continental Diamond Tool. "CDT has invested heavily in the quality of our product over the years, improving the dimensional aspects of it and the performance of the product overall," explains Brian Yates, CDT Metal Bond Supervisor. We are dedicated to keeping pace with the latest technology to ever improve our products and processes. This commitment to quality ensures that our metal bond grinding wheels not only meet but exceed customer standards.

Lucas Tapp, a design engineer at CDT, further elaborates on the unique properties of our metal bond diamond wheels: "Metal bond is probably the hardest diamond tool that CDT manufactures. It's good at low RPMs and dissipates heat very quickly, which creates a better result for grinding." 

As grinding professionals know, adequate heat dissipation is crucial for maintaining the integrity of both the tool and the material being worked on. Excessive heat can cause burning, reduced workpiece quality, and shorter tool life. It is Metal Bond’s exceptional properties that have led our engineers to incorporate elements from this time-tested bond type into our innovative EVO Hybrid Bond line. This new line is breaking production records in the cutting tools industry, showcasing the enduring value and adaptability of Metal Bond technology.

About Metal Bond Diamond Tools

Metal bond grinding tools offer the long life and low maintenance that many precision manufacturing processes need to be competitive. Suitable for all levels of both wet and dry grinding, these wheels are built for endurance and performance. Metal bonded diamond tools are created from the sintering of powdered metals and other compounds with Diamond or Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN). These superabrasives held in a metallic bond produce an extremely strong product that holds its shape. 

Metal Bond wheels have the hardest matrix, performing best in operations under flood coolant. Because they have such a slow wear rate, metal bond wheels require less maintenance and downtime for dressing. Dressing is a process that removes material from the grinding wheel to release dull grit, expose new edges, and re-true its shape. Metal Bond’s hardness and long tool life makes it a favorite for many industries.

The Manufacturing Process

The creation of a custom metal bonded diamond grinding wheel is a meticulous process, involving several key steps to ensure precision and reliability. We start by machining the core to the customer’s precise specifications before custom molding the diamond abrasive with our graphite process. The diamond section is then sintered, where the powdered metals and abrasives are heated to temperatures of almost 2,000 degrees fahrenheit, causing them to coalesce and adhere to the core in a solid or porous mass. Once formed, the tool is machined again to tighter tolerances, then polished, balanced, marked, and shipped. 

In the video, Lucas shares a glimpse into the strengths of our manufacturing process: "We have state-of-the-art technology here at CDT that allows us to create a very precise, consistent product for our customers. When customers come to CDT, they're surprised by the cleanliness, our efficiency, and the amount of investment we've made in process innovation through automation and quality control systems.”

The Importance of Customer Service

At CDT, customer service is not just a department; it’s a commitment that is central to our culture. Brian Yates, our Metal Bond Supervisor, emphasizes this dedication: "Here at CDT, customer service is very important to us. I know personally that anytime a customer runs out of a tool, I will drop whatever I'm doing and get that product out as soon as possible." 

Our team understands the importance of timely delivery: our customers depend on it to maintain their operational efficiency. It’s our job to do everything in our power to deliver the tools they need when they need them.

Applications and Benefits

Metal bond tools are versatile and can be used in many applications. "Primarily, we recommend metal bond for grinding carbide, ceramics, and glass. We also make a rotary dresser that helps dress other grinding wheels," Lucas elaborates.

• Common Industry Applications: Metalworking, Cylindrical, Surface, Cutoff, Tool & Cutter, Core Drills, Hole Saws, Reamers, Dressing Disks, Custom Tools.

• Recommended Materials: Tungsten Carbide, Ceramics, Glass, Ferrites, Powdered Metals, Titanium Graphite Composite.

• OEM Machine Compatibility: DMG Mori, Makino, Rollomatic.

Metal bond diamond wheels are both durable and efficient, providing superior performance in demanding environments.

Customization and Expertise

Metal Bond is perhaps the best known bond material, thanks to its long history and overall utility. Continental Diamond Tool has been manufacturing Metal Bond diamond tools and metal bonded diamond grinding wheels since 1973. 

At CDT production of each tool is tailored according to our customer’s specific dimensions and abrasive requirements. The product is custom designed to the application and the industry. To select the best bond and abrasive type, we look at a variety of characteristics, including material, grinding machine, dressing method, volume of parts, coolant type, stock removal, and current grinding process. Through customization, we improve the efficiency and enhance the productivity of our customers.

"Our products undergo rigorous testing and numerous quality checks to ensure that each CDT tool is tailored to the customer’s needs,” explains Lucas Tapp. CDT’s product warranty guarantees that every tool we manufacture must meet or exceed our customer’s past experience based on the quality or lifespan of their current tooling, or we will only charge according to its value, based upon their current tooling cost.*

We are proud of our half a century in building metal bonded diamond tools. Our team continuously strives to innovate and improve our products to meet the evolving needs of our customers.

Extending the Life of Metal Bond Grinding Tools

To extend the lifespan of your metal bond grinding tools, we suggest these helpful tips:

• Use the correct type and size of grinding wheel for your material and application.

• Employ proper coolant to prevent overheating.

• Clean and maintain the tool with dressing as part of your process to remove dust and debris and expose new diamond crystals. 

• Store the tools in a dry, clean place to prevent moisture or any chemical exposure.

• Conduct regular inspections for signs of wear, damage, or malfunction.

By following these guidelines, Continental Diamond Tool's Metal Bond grinding products will deliver exceptional performance for a very long time.

Delivering Excellence

At Continental Diamond Tool, our metal bond team is dedicated to delivering the strongest and most resilient metal bond grinding wheels with unmatched durability, performance, and customer satisfaction. Click here to explore our full range of superabrasive solutions custom designed for precision grinding applications and discover why CDT is a trusted name in the industry.

How to Diagnose Surface Pattern Problems in Grinding

Many precision grinding operations require impeccable surface finishes for both function and aesthetics. Addressing surface pattern problems is vital for ensuring the quality of the final product, eliminating waste, and controlling costs. In this detailed overview, we expand on the insights provided by Paul Christy, Senior Product Engineer at Continental Diamond Tool, as he explains how to troubleshoot and fix common causes of surface patterns. In Episode 7 of The Grinding Chronicles, Paul covers the complexities of surface patterns caused by various types of vibrations, runout, and servo system instability. Watch Paul’s video or read on to learn more about identifying and addressing these issues to optimize your grinding operations.

The Grinding Chronicles - Episode 7

Surface Pattern Troubleshooting Guide

Surface pattern problems in grinding can significantly impact the quality and precision of your workpieces. Diagnosing and resolving these issues requires a deep understanding of the underlying causes and appropriate troubleshooting techniques. This article explores common causes of surface patterns in grinding and provides expert insights into their diagnosis and elimination.

Self-Excited Vibration

One of the primary causes of surface pattern problems is self-excited vibration, which occurs at the natural frequency of the machine system. This type of vibration indicates that some component within the machine—such as the spindle, the part, or the dresser—is being excited. The resulting oscillating pattern is called chatter. Notably, this vibration only manifests when the grinding wheel and the workpiece (or the wheel and the dresser) are in contact.

Self-excited vibration results from a lack of sufficient component stiffness. The key to mitigating this issue lies in increasing the machine's stability, which requires a greater machine stiffness compared to the process stiffness. There are three main process variables that can be adjusted to help eliminate self-excited vibration:

1. Velocity of the Workpiece: Lowering the workpiece's speed can reduce process stiffness.

2. Velocity of the Grinding Wheel: Decreasing the grinding wheel's speed similarly lessens process stiffness.

3. Width of Contact: Reducing the contact width between the grinding wheel and the workpiece can also help.

By strategically lowering one or more of these variables, you can effectively diminish the impact of self-excited vibration.

Forced Vibration

Forced vibration occurs at a frequency corresponding to a driving force within or outside the machine. Common examples of such driving forces include unbalanced rotating bodies and pump pulsations. This type of vibration can often be diagnosed using a process of elimination. By sequentially turning on and off all rotating bodies within the machine, you can identify the source of the vibration when it ceases upon the deactivation of a specific component.

Runout

Runout is a prevalent issue in grinding due to the inherent imperfections of rotating components. It occurs when the outer surface of a rotating component does not maintain perfect concentricity with its axis or center line. Specifically, runout in a traversing diamond roll can create a pattern in the grinding wheel, which is then transferred to the workpiece. This pattern typically manifests as angled parallel lines, known as Barber Pole or Roping Patterns.

To address surface patterns caused by runout, it is essential to identify the optimal dresser and wheel RPMs. Varying the diamond roll speed during dressing can reduce the likelihood of pattern formation on the grinding wheel, preventing its transfer to the workpiece. Another effective solution is lapping the diamond roll to the machine's spindle bearings, thereby eliminating runout.

Servo System Instability

Servo system instability is another potential source of surface patterns on workpieces. The servo system controls the movement accuracy of machine components, using digital feedback to ensure precise positioning. Mechanical decoupling within components such as ball nuts, couplings, bearing support units, or scale mountings can create discord within the servo system. This results in oscillations as the system struggles to determine the correct position, leading to surface patterns on the workpiece.

Solving servo system instability typically requires sophisticated instrumentation and physics-based analysis. Iterative process changes alone are unlikely to resolve this complex issue.

Key Takeaways in Mastering Surface Finish

Diagnosing and fixing surface pattern problems in grinding necessitates a thorough understanding of the potential causes and their specific remedies. Whether dealing with self-excited vibration, forced vibration, runout, or servo system instability, targeted adjustments and precise troubleshooting are essential for maintaining the quality and precision of your grinding operations.

For more detailed information and expert guidance, refer to Episode 7 of The Grinding Chronicles, where Paul Christy shows specific measures you can take to diagnose and eliminate surface pattern problems. If you are experiencing surface patterns similar to those discussed in this article and require further assistance, do not hesitate to contact the Continental Diamond Tool engineering team at TheGrindingChronicles@cdtusa.net.

Understanding and addressing these grinding challenges will enhance your operational efficiency and ensure the superior quality of your manufactured products.

A Breakdown of the 4 Common Bond Systems in High Precision Grinding

If precision grinding is a critical component of your manufacturing process, understanding the bond system of your grinding wheel will help you in maintaining operational efficiency and product quality. In this detailed overview, we will explore the four most common bond systems used in superabrasive grinding wheels: Resin, Metal, Vitrified, and Electroplated. Continental Diamond Tool Engineering Manager Jeff Wirth breaks down the components of these bond systems, discussing their composition, manufacturing processes, and ideal applications in Episode 6 of The Grinding Chronicles. Watch Jeff’s video or read on to learn more about selecting the right bond to optimize your grinding operations.

The Grinding Chronicles - Episode 6

Understanding the Four Common Bond Systems

Resin Bonds

Resin bonds are plastic-based compounds typically made from phenolics or polyimides. These bonds are versatile and can be enhanced with fillers such as copper or silicon carbide to improve performance. The manufacturing process for resin bonds at CDT begins with creating a tailored formulation that includes the bond material, abrasive, and fillers. This dry powder mixture is blended in special tumblers and then carefully and uniformly packed into mold cavities. The molds undergo hot pressing, where temperature and pressure are meticulously controlled to achieve the desired density. Finally, the wheels are finished by machining and grinding them to the specified size and geometry.

Properties and Applications:

• Tough and Durable: Resin bonds are fully dense and easy to use, making them suitable for a variety of grinding applications.

• Versatile: They can work with nearly any material, from hard metals to softer alloys.

• Enhanced Performance: Fillers like copper or silicon carbide can be added to improve heat dissipation and grinding efficiency.

• Wide Range of Applications: Suitable for diverse grinding tasks, including tool and cutter grinding, centerless grinding, and surface grinding.

Metal Bonds

Metal bonds can be composed of various metals, including bronze, copper, and iron, and may sometimes be alloyed with precious metals like silver. Metal bonds are known for their hardness, toughness, and durability, making them ideal for grinding highly abrasive materials such as glass and ceramics. Although metal bonds grind more slowly than other types, they offer the longest lifespan. The manufacturing process for metal bonds at CDT is similar to that of resin bonds, involving formulation, mixing, molding, hot pressing, and finishing.

Properties and Applications:

• Hardest and Toughest: Metal bonds are the most challenging to use but provide superior durability.

• Long-Lasting: They offer the longest lifespan among bond types, reducing the frequency of wheel changes.

• Ideal for Abrasive Materials: Best suited for grinding materials like glass, ceramics, and carbide.

• Durability: Excellent for applications requiring extreme durability and extended wheel life, such as in the automotive and aerospace industries.

Vitrified Bonds

Vitrified bonds are made from glass or ceramic materials, creating a porous structure that significantly reduces grinding force. This allows for higher grinding speeds, making vitrified bonds ideal for high-production applications. These bonds offer moderate to high material removal rates and excellent form accuracy, as they can be dressed and profiled in-process using rotary dressers. The manufacturing process for vitrified wheels at CDT involves formulation, mixing, cold pressing, and a sintering (baking) process to fuse the glass or ceramic together. The final step is finishing, similar to the other bond types.

Properties and Applications:

• Porous Structure: Lowers grinding force and allows increased speeds, enhancing efficiency.

• High Production: Ideal for high-production applications such as automotive part manufacturing.

• Moderate to High Material Removal Rates: Efficient for large-scale operations, balancing speed and precision.

• High Form Accuracy: Can be dressed and profiled in-process using rotary dressers, making them suitable for precise and consistent grinding tasks.

Electroplated Bonds

Electroplated (or plated) bonds consist of a single layer of abrasive held by a nickel-based metal bond. The process begins with machining the desired wheel size and geometry onto a steel wheel core. The non-plated surfaces are masked to prevent unwanted plating. The wheel core is then placed in a bath with a nickel-based solution and the abrasive material. By applying a positive charge on one side and a negative charge on the other, nickel plating is deposited onto the wheel core, causing a single layer of abrasive to adhere. Excess abrasive is removed, and the plating process continues until the abrasive layer is encapsulated to the desired level, typically 50-100% depending on the application. Electroplated products are suitable for complex geometries and low to medium production applications due to their high material removal rates and fast grinding speeds.

Properties and Applications:

• High Material Removal Rates: Provides the fastest grinding speeds, ideal for rapid material removal.

• Cost-Effective: Single layer of abrasive can be stripped and replated, extending the wheel’s life.

• Ideal for Complex Geometries: Precise form replication with minimal finishing, suitable for intricate designs.

• Low to Medium Production: Suitable for specific applications requiring detailed shapes and efficient material removal.

Key Considerations for Selecting the Right Bond System:

Choosing the appropriate bond system for your grinding application is crucial for achieving optimal performance and quality. Each bond type offers unique properties and advantages, making them suitable for different materials and grinding conditions. By understanding the composition, manufacturing processes, and ideal applications of Resin, Metal, Vitrified, and Electroplated bonds, you can make informed decisions to enhance your grinding operations.

Factors in Bond System Selection:

1. Material to be Ground: The hardness and abrasiveness of the material significantly influence the choice of bond.

2. Grinding Speed and Efficiency: Consider whether the application requires high-speed grinding or if longevity and durability are more critical.

3. Application Specifics: Determine if the grinding operation involves complex geometries or requires high form accuracy.

4. Production Volume: High-production environments may benefit from vitrified bonds, while electroplated bonds are ideal for low to medium production with intricate details.

If you have any questions or want to learn more about which bond type would work best for your application, please reach out to our application engineers at TheGrindingChronicles@CDTUSA.net. For more industry insights and expert advice, check out these articles or watch our playlist for The Grinding Chronicles on YouTube. By leveraging the right bond system and understanding its properties, you can significantly improve your grinding efficiency, product quality, and operational cost-effectiveness.

Meet The Team Behind CDT's High Performance Resin Bond Products

Behind every exceptional product is a dedicated team committed to excellence. At CDT, this is exemplified by our Resin Bond department, where talented individuals collaborate to create high-performance Resin Bond CBN and Diamond tools tailored to meet the unique needs of customers. This video and article tell the story of our remarkable team and their dedication to crafting superior products.

The Ingredients for Success in manufacturing Custom RESIN BOND Grinding Wheels

An Experienced Team

Since its launch in 1978, the Resin Bond product line has been a cornerstone of CDT's success, constituting a sizable market and just over 18% of CDT’s outgoing sales in 2023. With 40 years of experience in the industry, Resin Bond Product Line Manager Jim Fell proudly states, "We can tailor a product to anything that the customer needs, any type of specification that they need, and any type of application." 

Having worked at Continental Diamond Tool for more than two decades, Resin Bond Pressing Lead Nick Rorick embodies the spirit of craftsmanship and dedication that has put CDT Resin Bond CBN and Diamond Grinding Wheels on the map. In his video interview, Rorick emphasizes, "What sets us apart is the team we have behind our products here at CDT. They put their heart into every tool they make."

Customer Focus

At CDT, customer satisfaction is our top priority. Jackson Birkenbeul, a Resin Bond Design Engineer, emphasizes the importance of addressing customer needs promptly and precisely. In the video, he remarks, "Our focus is not just on manufacturing products but on solving customer challenges." This dedication to understanding and meeting customer requirements underscores CDT's commitment to excellence and service.

Innovative Process

Using a combination of phenolic resin and CBN or Diamond superabrasive, our Resin Bond engineering and production team can design and manufacture thousands of product combinations. The production process begins with formulating a recipe that is tailored to the customer's specific application. A unique blend of bond material, abrasive, and fillers are purposefully selected to optimize grinding performance. 

The custom formulation undergoes meticulous mixing in specialized tumblers before being poured and packed into mold cavities. Then, molds undergo hot pressing, where precise control over temperature and pressure ensures the creation of grinding wheels with the desired density. Finally, the wheels proceed to finishing, where they are machined and ground to achieve the intended size and geometry, allowing our Resin Bond products to be tailored to any specification required.

A Multitude of Applications

"Anything that can be cut, ground, polished, or sharpened, we can do," says Kyle Hockemeyer, CDT Pressing Tech. "In precision grinding, the consistency and repeatability of our product is one of our main goals. We strive to get a repeatable process that can be done on a regular basis to have quality, consistency, and delivery in a timely fashion."

Inside the Resin Bond department, 20+ employees work hard to make sure every order meets CDT's high standards for quality and performance. With the addition of a third shift in 2021 and an expansion in 2024 to accommodate new technology and machinery, this product line continues to grow in step with customer demand.

Putting it all together

The Resin Bond team at CDT epitomizes craftsmanship, innovation, and dedication. Their relentless pursuit of excellence and deep-seated commitment to customer satisfaction set them apart in the competitive landscape of precision grinding wheel manufacturing. As our team continues to innovate and push boundaries, customers can trust that CDT's Resin Bond products represent the pinnacle of quality, performance, and reliability.

The Science Behind Resin Bond Grinding Wheels: How They Work and Where They Excel

In the world of machining and precision grinding, engineers and manufacturers are constantly seeking ways to enhance efficiency and finish parts to increasingly tighter tolerances. A key player in this arena is the Resin Bond superabrasive grinding wheel. This remarkable technology has revolutionized the way hard materials are shaped and finished. In this article, we will look at the science behind Resin Bond grinding wheels, understanding how they work and why they excel in various applications.

Understanding the Basics

Before we dive into the intricacies of Resin Bond grinding wheels, it is essential to understand the core fundamentals that govern their operation.

1. Resin Bond: Resin is a polymeric (plastic) material that can be formed under specific conditions. At Continental Diamond Tool, our Resin Bond products are created using phenolic and polyimide resins, which are combined with conventional abrasives, superabrasives, and metal powders to form specific grinding structures. The thermosetting resins are the bonding agent that hold the abrasive materials (typically Diamond or CBN) in place. Once blended together, wheel compositions are “hot pressed” to specific sizes & shapes in special molds, and the resins are cured.  After hot pressing to near-net shape, they are machined to final dimensions and tolerances for customer use. Resin Bonds are highly regarded for their ability to provide a firm mechanical grip on abrasive particles, ensuring stability during the grinding process. It is this bonding, combined with flexibility of grinding structures, that allow for the customization required for efficient grinding of a variety of materials and applications.

2. Abrasive Material: Abrasive materials are used in grinding, cutting, and shaping processes to remove material from workpieces. They differ in terms of hardness, durability, and efficiency. Superabrasive materials are a special class of abrasive known for exceptionally high hardness, wear resistance, and cutting efficiency. The two superabrasive materials we use at Continental Diamond Tool are Diamond and Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN). Diamonds are ideal for grinding and cutting extremely hard materials like ceramics, glass, and precious stones, while CBN is used for grinding ferrous materials like steel and hardened alloys. When superabrasives are embedded in a resin matrix, it creates an incredibly effective cutting and grinding tool when compared with conventional abrasives like Aluminum Oxide and Silicon Carbide grinding wheels.

3. Wheel Structure: The arrangement of abrasive material and fillers within the resin matrix forms the wheel's abrasive surface. These abrasives can be designed in various shapes and concentrations, depending on the intended application. Variables like abrasive grain type, size, shape, concentration, bond type, porosity, wheel grade, and design are carefully engineered to determine the wheel's performance characteristics: its cutting ability, surface finish quality, heat dissipation, suitability for specific grinding applications, and more.

How It Works

Resin Bond superabrasive wheels are employed in a wide range of applications, from grinding high hardness materials to sharpening other Diamond or CBN cutting tools. For optimal efficiency, Resin Bond grinding wheels perform best with applications that are well-suited to the way these wheels interact with the workpiece.

1. Cutting Action: When a Resin Bond wheel is brought into contact with a workpiece, the Diamond or CBN abrasives on the wheel's surface come into play. Superabrasives are exceptionally hard, making them capable of cutting through even the toughest materials.

2. Heat Generation: As the wheel cuts through the workpiece, friction generates heat. Both Diamond and CBN are excellent thermal conductors, but Resin Bonds do not inherently conduct heat well. As a plastic, Resin Bond deteriorates at pretty low temperatures compared with other bonds. Its wheel performance is best when coolants and compositions are tailored for “dry grinding” applications. In applications where heat dissipation is a priority, Resin Bond formulations can be manipulated by adding conductive metals such as copper or aluminum to remove heat more efficiently.

3. Wear and Tear: Grinding forces erode equipment over time. Unlike traditional abrasive wheels that wear down quickly and require frequent dressing to stay effective, Resin Bond superabrasive wheels can be formulated to be self-dressing. As the abrasive diamonds wear, new grains are exposed, maintaining a consistent cutting edge throughout the wheel's life.

4. Edge Stability: Edge stability refers to a tool’s ability to maintain the sharpness and integrity of its cutting edge over time. The combination of the high hardness superabrasive with the strong mechanical bond of the resin binder provides excellent edge stability and sharpness, which makes for more efficient grinding. Good edge retention increases productivity and reduces cycle times through less frequent tool changes and consistent cutting performance. 

5. Performance: Precision tolerances and highly controlled surface finishes are where Resin Bond Diamond and CBN wheels really shine. Their remarkable capabilities in these areas are especially crucial in industries like optics, where the tiniest imperfection can lead to significant quality issues.

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The Master of Surface Finish

Here are the top 8 reasons why the unique characteristics of Resin Bond make it favored across industry applications that require fine surface finishes:

1. Uniform Abrasive Distribution: Resin Bond wheels are manufactured using a carefully controlled process that results in a uniform distribution of abrasive particles throughout the wheel. This uniformity ensures that the wheel removes material evenly across the workpiece, preventing irregularities in the surface finish.

2. Self-Dressing Properties: The self-dressing action of Resin Bond grinding wheels helps maintain a consistent cutting edge, which is essential for achieving a smooth surface finish.

3. Cooler Grinding: Diamond and CBN are already excellent conductors of heat, and resin bonds can be formulated with conductive metals to further aid in heat removal. This improved heat dissipation lessens the likelihood of thermal damage, such as metallurgical changes and micro-cracking, which negatively impact surface quality.

4. Flexibility and Conformability: Compared to Vitrified and Metal Bonds, Resin Bonds are relatively soft and flexible, which is advantageous for contour grinding and achieving intricate shapes. This flexibility allows the wheel to conform to the workpiece's surface, ensuring the consistent contact needed for a smoother finish.

5. Controlled Grit Size and Concentration: Resin Bond wheels can be precisely engineered with specific grit sizes and concentrations of abrasive particles to optimize for surface finish requirements. Finer grit sizes and lower concentrations typically produce finer surface finishes, such as those required by polishing applications.

6. Reduced Wheel Wear: As mentioned earlier, Resin Bonds wheels tend to maintain their shape and cutting efficiency over a longer period than conventional grinding wheels. This lower wear rate contributes to a consistent surface finish.

7. Minimized Wheel Loading: Resin Bond wheels are less prone to loading, which occurs when swarf or material being ground adheres to the wheel's surface. Loading can negatively impact the surface finish, but Resin Bond wheels tend to resist this issue, helping to maintain consistent performance.

8. Wide Range of Abrasive Options: Resin Bond wheels are compatible with a wide range of abrasive materials, including Diamond and CBN. By tailoring the abrasive to the specific material being ground, it further enhances fine grinding efficiency.

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Areas Where Resin Bond Excels

Resin Bond superabrasive wheels are among the most popular and widely used bond types for a number of other compelling reasons.

1. Versatility: These wheels can be tailored to suit a wide variety of applications, making them indispensable in industries as diverse as automotive, aerospace, medical,and electronics manufacturing.

2. Precision: The accuracy and precision achieved with Resin Bond superabrasive wheels are unparalleled. They produce intricate shapes and finishes with exceptional consistency.

3. Longevity: Thanks to self-dressing properties, Resin Bond superabrasive wheels have a longer operational life compared to conventional abrasive wheels.

4. Reduced Waste: The minimal wear on these wheels results in less material waste, making them an eco-friendly choice for many industries.

5. Reduced Downtime: Less frequent wheel changes and dressing requirements mean reduced downtime and increased productivity for manufacturing operations. Additionally, these tools dress easily for added convenience. 

6. Cost-Efficiency: Despite an initial higher cost compared to conventional counterparts, the longevity and efficiency of a Diamond or CBN Resin Bond tool often result in cost savings over time. 

7. Hybrid Variants: Hybrid bonds combine characteristics of different bond types. This is especially common with Resin Bond wheels. For example, a hybrid wheel might have a blend of resin and metal bonds to balance precision with heat dissipation.

The Bottom Line

Resin Bond grinding wheels are a testament to advanced materials science and engineering precision. Their ability to cut, grind, and shape materials with unparalleled accuracy and efficiency has made them indispensable in numerous industries, especially in high-precision production grinding applications of hard materials.

These versatile grinding wheels are employed in tasks ranging from centerless and cylindrical grinding to surface and creep feed grinding. They cater to materials as challenging as tungsten carbide, ceramics, and stainless steel, where precision and surface finish are paramount. Resin Bond wheels also excel in cutoff, roll grinding, tool and cutter, saw and knife sharpening, PCD grinding, and surgical tool blade sharpening applications, showcasing their adaptability across the spectrum of manufacturing and fabrication needs. Whether it's the intricate precision required for surgical tools or the robust grinding demands of hardened steel, resin bond grinding wheels are trusted companions for achieving exceptional results.

As technology continues to advance with hybrid bond types, it is likely that Resin Bond superabrasive wheels will play an even more significant role in the quest for perfection in machining and precision grinding. Their adaptability, accuracy, and longevity make them a driving force behind innovation in manufacturing processes and a cost-efficient grinding solution for many industries around the world.

Understanding the Distinction Between CBN and Aluminum Oxide Abrasives

Are you ready to explore the fascinating world of abrasives? In manufacturing, we often encounter Superabrasives and Conventional abrasives. In the Superabrasives corner, we have Diamond and Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN), and their common Conventional abrasive counterparts are Silicon Carbide and Aluminum Oxide. Each serves a specific purpose. What makes CBN and Aluminum Oxide stand out is their exceptional ability to tackle those stubborn steels and metals that can't stand Carbon.

In this blog, we'll explore the properties and applications of CBN and Aluminum Oxide abrasives. Discovering their unique characteristics will help you choose the right abrasive for your specific machining needs, ensuring efficiency and top-notch results. Whether you're working with hardened steels or softer metals, the right abrasive is the key to achieving your desired outcome in grinding and machining. So, let's dive in and unlock the true potential of CBN and Aluminum Oxide abrasives.

What is CBN?

CBN is a synthetic Superabrasive known for its incredible hardness, high thermal conductivity, and thermal stability. Originally released with the trade name Borazon from GE Superabrasives, its cubic crystal lattice structure is similar to Diamond, giving it remarkable abrasive properties. With a hardness close to 10 on the Mohs scale, CBN excels in machining tough materials that require precision grinding. Its chemical composition and high thermal stability prevents chemical reactions and premature breakdown under high temperatures, when grinding ferrous metals and high-temperature alloys. What's more, because CBN doesn't react with ferrous materials, it doesn’t alter or change their properties resulting in longer life in use when ground with CBN.

CBN is a game-changer when grinding hardened ferrous alloys or super alloys that are sensitive to heat. It efficiently grinds hardened steels while maintaining accuracy and surface finish. Plus, it's a favorite for grinding ferrous metals like cast iron and stainless steel, ensuring clean and precise results without chemical alterations. CBN is a must-have tool for achieving precise and efficient outcomes in critical machining tasks.

What is Aluminum Oxide?  

Aluminum Oxide, also known as alumina, is a versatile Conventional abrasive. With high hardness and toughness, it is available in various grit sizes, making it perfect for a wide range of machining and finishing applications. Though not as hard as CBN, Aluminum Oxide is fantastic for soft metals, wood, and non-ferrous materials. While it may not match the precision of Superabrasives, it's still a reliable choice for many tasks.

In the machining industry, Aluminum Oxide is the go-to for grinding soft metals like aluminum, brass, and copper. It performs beautifully with non-ferrous materials such as bronze and titanium, without causing any chemical interactions. Its role in achieving desired surface finishes across various industries, from automotive to aerospace, is unparalleled.

Key Differences Between CBN and Aluminum Oxide Abrasives

While CBN and Aluminum Oxide both play significant roles in grinding and machining operations, they have many distinct properties that set them apart.

Crystal Structure and Hardness: CBN's crystal lattice structure is similar to Diamond, resulting in exceptional hardness and wear resistance. Aluminum Oxide, while still hard, has a lower hardness than CBN, making it more suitable for soft metals and certain alloys.

Heat Resistance and Thermal Conductivity: CBN exhibits superior heat resistance and thermal conductivity compared to Aluminum Oxide, making it perfect for grinding high hardness and heat sensitive alloys.

Material Compatibility and Reactivity: Both CBN and Aluminum Oxide are chemically inert with ferrous materials whereas Diamond and Silicon Carbide are not, thus why they are the abrasives for ferrous metals.

Cost and Practicality: CBN grain costs significantly more than Aluminum Oxide grain, resulting in higher grinding wheel prices. Because of higher hardness and better thermal conductivity, CBN wheels can provide lower grinding costs in applications where high workpiece hardness and thermal properties need to be maintained. In cases of grinding soft steels and low volume production, the lower wheel price of Aluminum Oxide makes it a more competitive option.

Safety Considerations and Handling

Whether you choose CBN, Aluminum Oxide, or another solution for your abrasive, ensuring safety during grinding and finishing processes is essential. Proper machine guarding, eye and respiratory protection, proper dust/mist extraction, and careful handling and storage of abrasives are crucial to protect workers and maintain a clean and safe work environment.

Selecting the Right Abrasive for Specific Applications

Choosing the right abrasive for your specific machining needs is vital to achieving optimal results. Making an informed decision will ensure efficient, accurate, and cost-effective grinding and finishing processes. Some factors to consider include:

Workpiece Material Characteristics: Soft metals like aluminum, brass, copper, and mild steels  may need moderate hardness abrasives like Aluminum Oxide to prevent excessive material removal, while harder materials like hardened steels and high-temperature alloys such as inconel and hardened Stainless Steel  require abrasives with superior hardness and high thermal conductivity like CBN for precise and efficient cutting and grinding.

Machining Operations and Efficiency: Superabrasives like CBN are preferred for high-precision tasks where tight tolerances and maintaining material properties are paramount, while conventional abrasives like Aluminum Oxide offer lower cost solutions for general grinding of mild steel and soft metals.

Surface Finish and Material Removal Rates: Superabrasives like CBN excel in production applications of hardened steels and Superalloys that are sensitive to heat, , while conventional abrasives like Aluminum Oxide are effective in low volume applications and for grinding of soft metals.  

Tooling and Machinery Considerations: Abrasive selection also needs to account for machinery and tooling capabilities.  The truing and dressing of Superabrasive and Conventional Abrasive grinding wheels can be different and require different tools (stationary or rotary dressers of different configurations).  Because of the difference in hardness between CBN and Alumina, Alumina being much lower, the amount of grinding debris resulting from wheel wear during grinding can be 100-300 x’s greater with the conventional wheel, which in turn needs to be disposed of.  .

Both CBN and Aluminum Oxide abrasives offer distinct advantages in grinding and machining. Considering their unique properties with specific application requirements will lead to efficient and precise processes, ensuring optimal results and safety in the workplace. And if you ever need assistance, our grinding experts at CDT are here to help. Whether it's Superabrasives or Conventional abrasives, we can help find the perfect solution for your process.

Superabrasive Grinding Technology for the Ceramic Industry

The rapid growth of ceramic and carbide components in industries such as Automotive, Aerospace, Medical, and Electronics has created new challenges for grinding professionals. The hardness, abrasiveness, and brittle nature of ceramics and carbides make them difficult to grind efficiently. Yet advancements in superabrasive grinding technology have paved the way for improved grinding processes and reduced cycle times for those that invest in new custom technology. In this article, we explore the transformative impact of custom superabrasive grinding products on the ceramics industry, highlighting the benefits they offer and the cutting-edge technologies driving these innovations.

Overcoming Grinding Challenges in the Ceramics Industry  

Ceramic and Carbide materials pose unique challenges when it comes to grinding due to their unique hardness and abrasive properties. Traditional metal bond and resin bond grinding wheels have been the go-to solution for grinding these materials. However, advancements in CNC grinding equipment and the introduction of new bond systems have revolutionized the way ceramic and carbide components are ground.

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In different industries like electronics, optics, aerospace, and advanced manufacturing, people are using carbide and ceramic coatings to make components last longer and better at handling heat. Two common ways to add these coatings are HVOF (High-Velocity Oxygen Fuel), which uses high-speed flames to spray the coating onto surfaces, and HVOC (High-Velocity Oxygen-Fuel Cold Spray), which works at lower temperatures with fast-moving gas. Another method is Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), where a thin layer of material is deposited on a surface through chemical reactions in the vapor phase. Using CVD or HVOF/HVOC can make components longer lasting and more wear resistant.

The inclusion of carbide or ceramic layers necessitates special consideration during the grinding process because of the inherent hardness and abrasive properties of these materials. Superabrasive grinding wheels offer superior performance in grinding these materials by reducing grinding forces, lowering power consumption, and minimizing subsurface damage. These innovative grinding products are particularly effective in reducing grinding cycle times and reducing scrap, resulting in significant cost savings and enhanced productivity.

Advances in Superabrasive Grinding Technology 

The advent of multi-axis CNC grinding with Rotary Dressers has automated grinding processes, increasing efficiency and accuracy. Spindle & High-Pressure Coolant systems have improved the delivery of coolant to critical grinding areas, optimizing swarf removal and improved the cooling and lubrication during the grinding process. High-speed grinding spindles enable a wider range of bond technology and wheel sizes to be used for ID and smaller part grinding.

New "Cutting Tool" designs, such as slotting, high porosity bonds, coolant holes, and CNC adaptors for improved rigidity, have improved tool life and performance. These designs enhance coolant flow, chip evacuation, and overall tool effectiveness, contributing to longer tool life and reduced downtime.

Innovative bond systems have been developed to address the unique challenges of grinding ceramic and carbide materials. These new bonds lower grinding forces, reduce power consumption, and lead to faster cycle times. They also minimize subsurface damage resulting in lower scrap rates while enhancing the quality and integrity of the finished components.

Superabrasive Grinding Products for Ceramic & Carbide Components

CDT's superabrasive solutions deliver significant benefits, including a reduction in grinding forces by 30% or more (compared with resin & metal bonds), reduction in cycle times by up to 50%, and significant reduction in scrap rates on these critical and costly components. These advancements help manufacturers optimize their grinding processes, increase productivity, and reduce costs.

Continental Diamond Tool (CDT), a leading provider of superabrasive solutions, offers a comprehensive range of grinding products designed specifically for the ceramics & carbide industries. Their products are compatible with major industry equipment manufacturers, including Studer, Kellenberger, Danobat, Walters, ANCA, Junker, Okuma, Koyo, USACH, Lapmaster, Peter Wolters, SpeedFam, Stahli, Supfina, and many more. CDT also offers advanced custom tool designs, such as cross cutters and hole drilling with flat bottom drills, to address specific grinding requirements. Their expertise extends to a wide range of equipment, including round tools for Anca, Haas, ITM, Normac, Rollomatic, Star, and Walters, as well as inserts for Agathon, Coborn, EWAG, Waida, and Wendt. Additionally, CDT has created surface grinders for Arter, BLOHM, Brown & Sharp, Chevalier, ELB, and Magerle, as well as Blanchard grinders for Blanchard, Bourn & Koch, and DCM.

Superabrasive grinding products have revolutionized the ceramics & carbide industry, overcoming the challenges presented by the high hardness and abrasive nature of these materials. With reduced grinding forces, faster cycle times, and reduced scrap rates, manufacturers can achieve greater efficiency, productivity, and cost savings. Continental Diamond Tool's advanced superabrasive solutions provide tailored grinding products for a wide range of equipment, enabling manufacturers to optimize their grinding processes and achieve exceptional results. As industries continue to evolve to use more ceramic & carbide materials, the use of superabrasive grinding products will undoubtedly play a crucial role in meeting the growing demand for efficient production of these components.

Top 10 Reasons to Work Third Shift at CDT

Here at Continental Diamond Tool, we take our work seriously, but that doesn’t mean we don’t have a sense of humor! Whether you think of third shift as a “late shift” or a “late show,” there are lots of great reasons to work nights at CDT.

From longer weekends to higher pay, watch the video below to see the top ten reasons you should apply for third shift at CDT.

Drumroll please…..

CDT Starting A New Third Shift

Continental Diamond Tool Starting A New Third Shift, Now Hiring

Continental Diamond Tool has experienced extensive growth in three of their most popular product lines, and they are now adding a third shift to their schedule to increase production and continue to fulfill global orders in a competitive timeframe.

The new shift will consist of four 10-hour shifts per week, from 8 p.m. to 6 a.m. This third shift will begin as soon as the open positions are filled, which may be as soon as August. All positions are entry-level and require a high school diploma. Job training will be provided.

CDT fosters an innovative, team-oriented environment for their employees, who enjoy paid lunch breaks, competitive wages, and health insurance benefits, along with additional benefits and overtime opportunities, in a clean, climate-controlled environment.

In business since 1973, CDT is a leading producer in the global market for superabrasive grinding wheels and custom tooling. Their 128,000 sq. ft. manufacturing facility in New Haven, Indiana, utilizes the latest technology to serve numerous industries including medical, aerospace, power generation, and more.

Additional information and applications are available by calling 800-443-6629 or visiting CDTUSA.net/careers.

How to Match Your Resin Bond Grinding Wheels to the Workpiece

Superabrasive grinding wheels have two equally important components. While the grit, (diamond or CBN) does the work, it couldn't function without a partner holding it in place. In the case of resin bond grinding wheels, that partner is phenolic resin.

The hardness of the phenolic, along with grit size and concentration, determines wheel life, material removal rate, and final surface finish. CDT controls these three parameters precisely, allowing users to match a wheel to the particular workpiece material and type of grinding operation. However, selecting the best wheel depends on understanding the relationship between hardness, grit size and concentration and the wheel wear mechanism.

 WHEEL WEAR MECHANISMS

 As grit cuts through the workpiece material the edges become dull. Allied to that, chips from the cutting process erode the resin, releasing old grit and exposing fresh edges. The rate at which fresh grit is exposed is critical. Dull edges tend to rub against the workpiece, cutting forces go up and more heat is generated, perhaps burning the workpiece. Conversely, if grit is released early the grinding wheel is wearing faster than necessary, resulting in more frequent replacement.

HARDNESS 

Hard workpiece materials, like ceramics and carbides, tend to dull cutting edges quickly, yet because the chips are small and brittle, resin wear is low. In this situation, to ensure a sufficient supply of fresh new cutting edges it's best to use a softer wheel.

Softer materials, like steels and high nickel alloys, (which should be ground with CBN rather than diamond,) produce longer, more ductile chips. These erode the resin faster which, in a soft wheel, results in excessive wear.

Manufacturers of resin bond grinding wheels adjust hardness by varying the mix of fillers in the phenolic resin. The resulting wheel hardness is expressed on a scale from A (softest) to Z (hardest) although superabrasive wheels are generally available just for the range from O through U. If a wheel outside of this range is thought necessary, consult with product specialists here at CDT.

CONCENTRATION

This refers to the proportion of superabrasive grit in the resin and is expressed on a scale of 25, 50, 75, and 100. The highest value indicates a weight to volume ratio of 72 carats per cubic inch, which works out to about 25% by volume.

A higher concentration means more cutting points, which results in faster material removal, but also increases wheel cost. Concentration also affects surface finish: a lower concentration would typically be used for finishing than for roughing.

GRIT SIZE

Larger abrasive particles remove more material on each pass, so coarser grits are used for rough machining and when grinding softer materials. Smaller particles lower cutting forces, so are used for harder materials as well as finishing operations.

MATCH THE WHEEL TO THE WORKPIECE

The choice of grinding wheel depends on the nature of the workpiece material and whether roughing or finishing. Harder materials generally should be ground with a softer wheel and small grit size. Softer materials are better ground with harder wheels and larger grit. Grit concentration should be chosen to suit the type of grinding operation – roughing or finishing.

If in any doubt as to the hardness of wheel to use, consult a grinding wheel specialist.

Common Fluting Mistakes — and How to Fix Them

Flute Polish or Flute Burnish?
There is an increasing need for high-quality carbide mills and drills with polished flute faces. Your customers are demanding a surface grinding tool that has a shiny flute, evacuates a metal chip better, and runs at faster speeds.

Sometimes your customer just wants your tool to look like the “other guy’s” tool. Unfortunately, a burnished flute face can be mistaken for true polish. Toolmakers have the challenge of making a cost-effective tool that has great performance and a great finish on the flute face.

Common Fluting Mistakes
Some toolmakers turn to hybrid wheels that grind the flute in no time, but these grinding wheels really don’t polish all that well.

To improve appearances and achieve a smooth finish, a lot of toolmakers use nonwoven products to polish after fluting. But do flute polishing cloths really polish, or do they just burnish the surface?

For a Quality Flute Polish
For a flute cleaning and polishing that really penetrates the surface, you have to remove some material to get through the grind lines leftover after flute grinding.

A resin bonded grinding wheel can give you a finish that is as good or better than nonwoven polishing products, but the resin bonded wheel also removes material from the flute face, taking out subsurface damage.

Resin bond is made by mixing abrasive grit with a phenolic resin. The resulting compound is molded to shape before being baked in an oven. This produces a grinding wheel that's tough, with the resilience to take impacts without shattering. By adding copper and other fillers to the resin base, grinding wheel manufacturers can tailor the properties of the finished grinding wheel to a wide variety of applications.

With resin bond, you can make a tool that not only looks just as good as the “other guy”, but also is actually better quality than the other guy. Resin-bonded superabrasive grinding wheels provide:

• Shock-resistance

• Excellent surface finish

• Low maintenance

The Extra Effort Sets You Apart
The right wheel can help you polish up your act. CDT’s resin bond flute polishing wheel performs as good as it looks — producing a quality tool that shows. We offer resin bond polishing wheels to work in oil or emulsion on all CNC cutter grinders. These grinding wheels can run at high speeds and are available in grits as fine as 1200 or more based on finish requirements.

Grinding wheel manufacturers have years of experience and there are few fluting applications we haven't encountered. Our engineers can help you get the right grinding and polishing solution for your particular application.

CDT Now Offering Same Day Shipping on Select High Performance Grinding Wheels for the Cutting Tool Industry

Last year Continental Diamond Tool Corporation introduced its Resin Hybrid Bond — custom formulated grinding wheels with a winning combination of durability, finish, and performance. 

The Resin Hybrid Series is the superior option of superabrasive diamond and CBN grinding wheels for the cutting tool industry. Using the latest Advanced Bond technology, competitive trials have proven that the bond grinds up to four times quicker without losing the wheel edge. Flute from solid, regrind, gash and end work, and relief. 

Resin Hybrid Bond is not your standard “one size fits all.” This bond is tailored to specific grinding applications, providing the highest quality tool with the most efficient performance. Its unique properties offer key advantages to the CNC Tool and Cutter Grinder in many ways:

• Free cutting action with superior form retention and surface finish 

• Self sharpening bond lengthens wheel life and dressing interval 

• High material removal rate with high temperature stability 

• Maximum heat dissipation with low and constant power consumption

• Optimal wheel profile stability lowers costs due to wear 

Previously cutting tool manufacturers had to commission custom-designed Resin Hybrid wheels to get all these benefits. Now CDT is stocking our most popular shapes and sizes specifically tailored to cutting tool manufacturing at affordable, off-the-shelf prices. CDT wheels are compatible with most of the cutting tool industry's leading CNC Tool and Cutter Grinder machinery.

If you are in the cutting tool industry and are interested in gaining a competitive edge with CDT's Resin Hybrid Series grinding wheels, contact our knowledgeable team of service techs today. Tell us your requirements and we will check our inventory for availability or provide you a custom quote. Wheels in stock ship the same day! 

Find My Wheel for same day delivery

Resin Hybrid — Now With Same Day Shipping!

Or call 800-443-6629.

What to Look For When Choosing A Diamond Wheel Supplier

The suppliers your company chooses can affect your business in many ways. Qualities like expert support, competitive pricing and speedy turnarounds can make significant differences in your success. Continental Diamond Tool is a world leader in the field of superabrasives for industries that include medical tool manufacturing, construction and aerospace engineering. Our small company philosophies and big company capabilities mean that you are in the hands of ethical, hardworking and capable support. Among the qualities that set us apart from the rest:

Speedy Delivery

Every day your supplies take to get to you is one that can hold up your operation. And, when you deal with another grinding tool supplier, you can wait as long as two months for your custom equipment, leading to slowdowns and delays.

We maintain an extensive inventory of raw materials so that we can complete your order fast in our in-house manufacturing facility. These allow us to supply an unlimited number of superabrasive products that fit your needs, timeline and budget. Our average shipping time is between 15 and 18 working days. We are proud of ability to create tools to order at a speed that gets you back to work as quickly as possible, saving you from expensive downtime.

Helpful Technical Support

Our commitment to you doesn't end when our product leaves the door. We have highly trained and knowledgeable staff that can help you with every phase of production, from prototypes to replacements, to improvements and enhancements. We can help you determine which tools are best for the job, how to implement strategies to make your company's work more efficient. Reach out to us for the assistance that will help you overcome obstacles and clear your way to success.

Global Outreach

Throughout the world, we offer support and custom tools to get the job done. Through innovation and commitment to customers, CDT has become the global leader in superabrasives in a wide range of industries. Our small company values, dedicated technical support and outstanding lead times mean that you can be sure that you can get the tools you need wherever you need them.

Competitive Pricing

CDT produces custom diamond wheels at competitive prices. We help people in all industries keep their costs under control to improve their bottom line and make their businesses more profitable. Our sales and manufacturing team work together to ensure that you are getting quality tools at an affordable price.

Since 1973, CDT has been committed to supplying a wide range of industries with the highest quality custom diamond tools. Contact us today to learn how we can serve your needs.

The Best Grinding Tools for the Oil Industry

The grinding wheels used in petroleum engineering must be specifically developed to provide the performance needed for these applications. Common grinding applications in the oil industry include the manufacture of drill bits, gage blocks and wear parts. Superabrasives made from polycrystalline diamond (PCD) and carbide are common in this industry, especially for drill bits. Additional types of abrasives used on an oil rig include bonded abrasives and coated abrasives.

Benefits

The benefits of abrasives that have been custom developed for oil and gas applications include greater effectiveness, efficiency and tool life. Grinding tools need the latest bonds to deliver the precision needed for grinding the PCD and carbide bits used in modern drilling. These bits often use centerless wheels that offer a high cutting depth with high grind ratios, which cut costs during grinding operations. PCD abrasives are also used on tools that perform highly-efficient chamfer grinding.

Diamond Abrasives

Diamond abrasives usually refer to abrasives made with PCDs. They are most common in the manufacture of down-hole drill components such as drill bits made to gage. These bits are used in a variety of applications such as centerless, chamfer, form and surface grinding.

Bonded Abrasives

Bonded abrasives include resinoid abrasives and vitrified abrasives. Wheels that use these abrasives in the oil and gas industry can perform both precision and rough grinding applications. Components that are ground with wheels that use bonded abrasives typically have a hard face with a durable coating. These components include the following:

• Couplings

• Down hole stabilizers

• Frac pump plungers

• Pistons

• Polish rods

• Pony rods

• Reamer shoes

• Shafts

• Valves

Bonded abrasives often use proprietary bond and grain formulas to provide performance gains over traditional abrasives such as silicon carbide and aluminum oxide. These benefits include longer grind cycles and a net reduction in cost per part.

Coated Abrasives

Coated abrasives may be used in a variety of forms such as belts, discs, rolls, sheets and wheels. These products are typically composed of cloth, fiber, film and paper for applications that include rough grinding, finishing, lapping and polishing. Products that use coated abrasives can be found in virtually every segment of the oil and gas industry, including petrochemical plants, oil reserves, pipelines and rigs.

Structured abrasives are commonly used to create a consistent finish, while flexible abrasives provide excellent results in high-velocity oxygen fuel spraying applications. Coated abrasives with an agglomerate grain are often used to improve performance with non-woven products such as convolute wheels, belts and discs. Users who wish to lower their total costs for coated abrasive products should consider ceramic belts, flap discs and specialty discs.

The Right Tools for Every Application

It’s not the discovery and control of fire that really separated man from the other animals – it’s tool-making that truly took the human race out of caves and into civilization. Tools changed the course of human history, and today they are still at the heart of every great item made by the hand of man. When you want to make amazing products, you need truly amazing tools. Get the right abrasive grinding wheels for your metal-shaping projects and you’ve got the tools you need to make your business a success.

Certain manufacturing would never be possible without serious tools that do a tough job. We carry everything from mounted grinding wheels to plated wheels, machinery to suit any type of manufacturing project. Isn’t it time you add large company capabilities to your business’s resume?

Grinding Wheels for Maximum Productivity

If it’s maximum productivity you need, look for CBN grinding wheels. The metal bonding on these wheels creates a very tough tool that holds its shape even after hard use. They’re commonly used in wet grinding. They work well on glass, quartz, silicon, ceramics and many other materials, including optics. This offers very low-maintenance, high-quality machining.

Replating for Extended Use

Have a used grinding wheel diamond bonded tool replated for long use. Once the bond has begun to dull, send the tool back to us. On an affordable plan, it’s easy to have that tool replated so that it performs like new again. These tools have an aggressive bond to hold form even after lots of use.

Grinding Wheels for High Efficiency and Precision

Copper or phonelic resin is at the heart of resin bonded grinding wheels. Use these when you want high-efficiency equipment that works precisely and quickly. They self-sharpen, and despite the superabrasive grinding they tend to stay at low temperatures. Use these wheels to polish, sharpen or grind at will. Like bonded wheels, these tools perform well for wet and dry tasks. Use them for glass, alloys, ceramics and many other materials.

Carborundum — the trusted name in grinding wheels

Look for Carborundum grinding wheels when you want a trusted, name brand tool. It’s a well-known name in the grinding business, and their tools are available in many different sizes and types.

Get the quality superabrasive tooling you need in one week or less with our fast delivery policy. Start manufacturing like a large company at prices even small companies can afford. You need the right equipment for every job to get the right results. Start with a company that has all the right machinery. Start with technical experts at Continental Diamond Tool Corporation.

Resin Hybrid Grinding Wheels are 'Gold' for the Cutting Tool Industry

Last month CDT released its response to the competition's hybrid wheels to handle the extreme cutting conditions in tool grinding. Cutting Tool manufacturers have been pleasantly surprised by the results.

In a head-to-head comparison, the competitor's fluting was originally done in two passes. The CDT Hybrid Bond achieved a single pass at double the feed rate with no damage to the workpiece while achieving a 25% increase in finish.  

With equally outstanding primary and secondary grind results, the Hybrid Bond increased the primary and secondary operations by four times while continuing to produce a better finish.

The Hybrid Series for Tool & Cutter Grinding uses Advanced Bond technology, allowing for a quicker grind without losing the wheel edge. Flute from solid, regrind, gash and end work, and relief.  Cutting Tool manufacturers will find:

• Excellent precision at the highest feed rates

• Increased productivity while lowering process costs

• Superior wheel life and long dressing interval

• Withstands cutting forces from high-speed, high-temperature applications

Because the Hybrid bond is not your standard “one size fits all” but is tailored to the specific grinding application, it allows for the highest quality tool in the most efficient amount of time in the Cutting Tool industry. This level of customization is unique to CDT's newest bond. 

These one-of-a-kind properties improve the performance of the CNC Tool and Cutter Grinder in many ways:

• Free cutting action with superior form retention and surface finish

• Self sharpening bond lengthens wheel life and dressing interval

• High material removal rate with high temperature stability

• Maximum heat dissipation with low and constant power consumption

• Optimal wheel profile stability lowers costs due to wear

If it's time to replace your old conventional worn parts with high quality precision grinding wheels and tools, you should consider CDT's Hybrid Series for Tool & Cutter Grinding. Backed by more than 40 years of superior craftsmanship and expertise in this field, CDT products are made in America and generally ship in 15 days. CDT customer service techs are happy to look through the parameters of your project, make recommendations, and supply a competitive quote - call 800-443-6629 for more information.

CDT Launches New Website

CDT is proud to announce the launch of our new company website cdtusa.net.  We look forward to sharing great information about CDT and our phenomenal products and services, but also serve as a thought leader for everything you need to know about Plated products, Resin Bond products, and Metal Bond products. 

We have more than 40 years of experience in the Diamond Tool industry and would like to help any of our customers or visitors by sharing this knowledge. As always, when your product application calls for a diamond or CBN wheel or tooling, you can call on our team of experts and we'll be happy to assist you in any way. Enjoy!

Dressing or Truing: What’s the Difference?

Any time a grinding wheel is mounted on a machine it must be trued and dressed to produce satisfactory work. These two terms are sometimes lumped together as “conditioning” but they mean different things. Inexpensive conventional abrasive wheels are relatively robust: dressing and truing can often be performed at the same time and repeated periodically. The same is not true for CBN and diamond grinding wheels.

These superabrasive grinding wheels represent a considerable investment, which should be repaid in longer life and higher productivity. However, achieving that performance demands close attention be paid to truing and dressing.

WHY TRUE A GRINDING WHEEL?

No matter how precisely manufactured, once a grinding wheel is mounted on a spindle there will be some eccentricity. Even if it's less than 0.001” it's going to affect the final size and finish of the workpiece, so to produce high-quality work the wheel must be trued.

One method of finding high spots is with a child's wax crayon. Spin up the wheel and bring in the crayon until it just touches: high spots will quickly gain a colored layer.

TRUING SUPERABRASIVE WHEELS

Conventional grinding wheels are easily trued with a diamond cutter that's harder than the wheel matrix. Diamond and CBN wheels can't be cut, and instead are effectively ground to size. While this can be done by traversing a conventional grinding wheel or sintered diamond roller across the wheel face, many machinists prefer to use a brake-controlled truing device (BCTD.)

Like the other methods, the BTCD presents an abrasive surface to the wheel, but turns more slowly. This speed differential results in a precise and controllable truing operation.

DRESS AFTERWARDS

Truing creates a smooth surface on the wheel periphery, and with no exposed grit the wheel won't cut. Dressing sharpens the wheel by removing bond material and fracturing the superabrasive grit to expose fresh edges, so dressing always follows truing.

A superabrasive grinding wheel is largely self-sharpening, although the workpiece material can cause it to dull or load-up. In such situations the grit starts to either rub against the surface or plow, (pushing material aside). Both affect surface finish, increase cutting forces and create heat, which can damage the workpiece. The solution is periodic dressing.

IMPACT OF WHEEL CONSTRUCTION

Resin and vitrified superabrasive grinding wheels have some depth to the matrix. This allows a wheel to be dressed and trued several times. However, plated and metal bond wheels have a much thinner layer of grit and can only be trued to the depth available.